What is Big Data or Big Data kya hai?

What is Big Data? Benefits, Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Uses, Advantages and Disadvantages 

Hello friends, today in this article we will learn what is Big Data? Its Benefits, Uses, types, characteristics, Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages. This article about Big data is written in very simple word. It’s easy to understand if you read it in full, so let’s get started.

Walmart, a world-famous retailer in the United States, introduced a special card for its customers to present every time they make a purchase. It gives customers special offers or points from time to time and also stores all their purchase records on Walmart's servers. Balmart analyzes this information from time to time and takes decisions or actions based on it. Once during the analysis, they came across a very interesting fact. They found that most of the customers who bought baby diapers every Friday also bought beer. Based on this analysis, they arranged for beer bottles to be placed on the rack next to the diapers every Friday. And the results? Beer sales at Walmart soon began to increase dramatically every Friday. The discrepancy between beer and diapers has given Walmart a record profit every Friday. And this is made possible by analyzing the big data stored on their servers. But what is this Big Data? How vast is its scope? And where, when, and how is big data used? How important is it nowadays?What is the difference between Data Analytics, Data Analysis, Data Mining, Data Science, Machine Learning, and Big Data? This article is intended to address some of these issues.

1) What is data?

That before moving to big data, we need to know what data is. Many years ago, a computer scientist jokingly said that everything is data. But that doesn't really answer the question. And so in a very general way we can say that information or data is everything that is communicated through computers, laptops, tablets, mobile phones or other digital devices or stored on them for future use. That includes a digitally stored photo, someone's phone number, address, etc., messages exchanged via WhatsApp or SMS, likes- comments made by a person on Facebook, and online shopping records etc. can also be information or data.

2) The most valuable resource of the present day

Do you know what is the most valuable resource in the world today? Gold, diamonds, platinum, coal, petroleum? No, not one of these. The most valuable resource in today's world is information or data. In a digital world, information is of immense importance. In the digital world, the true value of an organization is determined by 'data' The more information one has, the richer it is considered.

3) What is Big Data?

Big data is a comprehensive database. That is, when the data is not just about one person but about a state or country or a specific geographical region, it is commonly called big data. Big data can store hundreds of thousands of pieces of information from billions of people in different fields. Such data may or may not be systematically arranged. On the surface, this seemingly useless information is like a golden egg for someone.

4) How is big data generated?

In this day of information technology, you, me, we are all creating a lot of data every day without our knowledge. For example, all the posts on WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc. that we use. Or the posts that are liked, commented on, are all a tiny part of the big data. Again, photos or documents stored in Google Drive or other similar cloud storage, files or text attached to e-mails, searches in Google or other similar search engines, online transaction records, online money -Big Data is the sum of all of these, including details of payments or transactions, records of the Internet system used by countless users around the world at every moment. In fact, all the information that is exchanged using the Internet or the work that users do over the Internet is stored in some place. The collection of information left behind is called big data and this is how big data is created.

5) How big is big data?

Given the amount of big data that the world is creating every moment, it is impossible to give a precise measurement. However, a few examples will give the reader a better idea. Facebook has about 300 million active users. It is easy to imagine how many likes, comments or new posts this large number of users give daily. In the Google search engine - an average of about twenty-four million searches are made every second. That’s about 480 million searches on Google every day. YouTube uploads an average of about 30,000 hours of new videos every minute. Similarly, X (formerly Twitter) currently has about 530 million active users. And it gets about 500 million tweets every day. These are just a few examples. so what the actual size of this massive amount of data might be can only be estimated. It is impossible to find out the exact calculation.

6) Where is such big big data stored?

Now the question is, where is this huge amount of big data stored? It also requires a very large memory storage to store this data that is growing every day, every moment. It is not possible to store it on a CD, DVD, pen drive, hard disk or a specific computer. What's the matter? Instead of being stored on one computer or in one place, big data is stored on many computers or cloud storage in different parts of the world. Cloud storage is some online storage, which can store data from anywhere in the world and retrieve it as needed. Data stored in cloud storage is very unlikely to be lost or corrupted. This is because these storages store data on multiple well-large servers, which are very secure.

Financially strong companies like Google, Facebook, etc. have bought their own hardware or software to store their data and have servers in various places. However, this is not possible for all institutions. And so the concept of cloud computing or cloud storage became necessary. This allows relatively small or medium enterprises to rent cloud storage for a certain amount of money and thus store their essential data at a low cost.

7) Big Data Mining

This huge amount of big data will be useless if the important things are not extracted from it. But is it possible to sow the sea and find gems? It is not possible to sow the sea, but it is possible to seek gems. The same applies to big data. And this is where the system called big data mining becomes important. Big data mining is the process of churning these oceans of information and finding gems from them. In other words, big day mining is simply the systematic analysis and processing of big data to produce results based on which a conclusion can be reached. Big day mining uses special types of hardware and software. Very large business groups buy such hardware and software themselves but not everyone can buy them due to their high prices. But it doesn't matter if you can't buy it. Some online service providers have come out to help. These companies rent the hardware and software required for large amounts of data analysis for a fixed fee. So there is no need to buy expensive hardware or software. For a small fee, such online institutions can have the necessary data analyzed and processed.

8) Software required to use big data

Reading so far, the reader must have guessed that very complicated software cannot be used for big data analysis or processing. This requires some very complex software. Recently, many softwares are used for big data analysis and processing. Some of the most popular and widely used software are MapReduce, Apache Hadoop, Apache S4, Storm, Apache Ma- hout, R language, MOA, Vowpal Wabbit, Pegasus, GraphLab, NOSQL, etc.

9) Big data analyst-a coveted career

Given this unprecedented demand for big data, the need for analysts is increasing day by day. Big data is one of the most attractive and promising jobs in the field of IT recently. Analyst jobs. The required qualifications for a big data analyst are skills in mathematics and statistics, experience in using cloud computing, knowledge of database management, experience in data mining, thorough knowledge of programming languages etc.

10) The three 'Vs' of Big Data.

When analyzing or processing big data, analysts or researchers focus on three 'V's' But what is that? This is discussed below.

The first 'V' that plays a very important role in the analysis of big data is volume. Much depends on the size of the big data to be analyzed. Therefore, analysts first determine how large its size is. As already mentioned, the amount of big data is increasing every moment. It is impossible to analyze a gallon of constantly growing data. Therefore, an analyst has to determine some policies at the outset based on its size. The second 'V' which is considered important in this regard is Variety. Usually and naturally, the information before analysts may be of different fields or of different types. However, it is important for the analyst to know what these differences are.

The third 'V' that is important for big data analysts is Valocity or Velocity. How fast big data is changing is also very important for analysts. Because, they have to analyze the data in line with those changes. In addition, big data analysts focus on another 'V' That is- Veracity or truthfulness. Analysts pay close attention to whether the source of the data to be analyzed is reliable. This is because if the data is not taken from a reliable source, or if the data is not accurate, the results obtained on the basis of it will be useless. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of the data is very important in this regard.

11) Big Data Use Cases But where is big data used?

  The usage area of Big Data is very huge nowadays. Recently, the results of big data analysis have been applied in various fields and it is being applied in new fields. And as a result, the use case for Big Data is expanding day by day. Below are some of the major use cases of Big Data.

(i) Big data is widely used in business. 

Suppose a company wants to popularize a product by advertising it in a country. If they can know in advance some seemingly small things like the likes and dislikes of the people of the country, the favorite colors of the majority, etc., it will be much easier to prepare and promote the advertisement. Therefore, large businesses regularly purchase various packages of data and analyze them in various ways to formulate their policies based on them. Again, suppose a business wants to launch a new product in a country or region. However, if they receive some of these information in advance, they can determine their actions or policies based on their analysis. This brings to mind the Walmart example I have been referring to at the beginning of this article. Shopping malls like Vishal, Big Bazaar etc. also regularly analyze the data currently stored on their servers and take action based on it.

(2) Recently, a class of new recipients of this information package has emerged. These are the IT departments of some political parties. They buy packages of data from a particular geographical area for large sums and use them very cleverly to prepare the election strategy of their respective parties. Imagine the benefits if you are visiting a house for the first time and learn something about the house before you leave. Knowing their likes and dislikes will make it easier for you to win their hearts. Political parties have also started doing this recently. Political parties use the data they buy to analyze the political ideology of the majority of people in an area. They analyze the likes and dislikes of the people of a particular territory, their grievances, their favorite leaders, diet, ideal persons, etc. This information is even used to identify the colors that most people in an area like and based on that, posters, banners or clothes to be worn by leaders at meetings are determined. What kind of things people in an area would like to say or how they should say, whether most of the people in that area are farmers or employees, how politically or socially active the youth, women or the elderly are, etc They analyze many important issues and decide their course of action based on that and proceed accordingly.

(3) The world's leading educational institutions have recently been able to improve the quality of education through big data analysis. These institutions analyze the data collected from their students at various times and base their problems, strengths and weaknesses, ability to master lessons, rate of cognitive development, types of talent etc. through holistic analysis and comparison and start curriculum development based on that They determine teaching techniques, examination methods, etc. And thus these institutions have been able to improve their quality and have benefited the students to a great extent.

(4) Big data is also being used in the Internet of Things or IOT for short. IOT or the Internet of Things is the exchange of information between the digital devices we use outside the home to perform certain tasks. Examples include TV, refrigerator, AC, car, mobile phone, tablet, laptop or computer, light, microwave oven, etc. The digital gate automatically opens and the porch light comes on immediately when you drive to the front door, the room AC or geyser turns on, the TV or microwave oven turns on and off automatically at a specified time, etc are examples of some common types of IOT. Now, in this field of IOT, efforts are being made to further strengthen the field by analyzing the big data obtained by collecting the information that is happening daily by automatons and it is possible to achieve a lot of success in this field as well.

(5) Big Data Tie has also recently played an important role in security. Big data is the collection of information about the security of small areas such as airports, railway stations, bus stands, crowded areas, banks, educational institutions, army barracks, etc. at different times Scientists are working hard to make it possible to take action to prevent unpleasant situations before they occur through analysis. However, although 100 per cent success has not yet been achieved, progress is satisfactory. However, analysis of such data has made it possible to achieve good results in terms of security. We hope that in the near future, based on the results obtained by the security personnel through big data analysis, the police force will arrive at a place before a crime occurs and arrest the criminal before he commits the crime You can maintain it.

(6) Big data is also widely used in medicine. Big data has made unprecedented contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, old and new. Medical research centers around the world treat, research and innovate complex diseases by analyzing and processing huge databases or big data that combine all the information already collected and stored in hospitals about various diseases, patients and drugs Medicines. There have been benefits in the preparation.

(7) Big data is also recently used to deal with sudden natural phenomena like earthquakes, cyclones, hurricanes, floods, cloudbursts etc. A huge database has been developed to collect various information including the symptoms, nature, severity, etc. of various natural disasters that have occurred in the past in different parts of the world. It has recently become possible to analyze and process this in various ways to predict some natural disasters. This is also an example of the successful application of big data, which has saved the lives and property of millions of people.

(8) Big data is also used in the stock market. 

To predict the ups and downs of the stock market, an attempt is made to reach a conclusion by analyzing and processing big data. Recent big data analysis poets have proven to be accurate in most cases when predicting the stock market. And so big data is likely to become a golden egg for those trading shares.

The use of big data is not limited to this. Big data is used in various fields including commercial manufacturing, marketing, music, cinema, manufacturing, automotive industry, food manufacturing, etc.

■ Finally

Collectively, your-my personal information may not matter. But when it is presented as a group, it becomes very valuable. In today's digital world, you are connected to yourself or yourself. It is not possible to hide the information 100%. It will be stored somewhere anyway. And thus, big data is formed by collecting billions of pieces of information. If this big day is used for human welfare, then that's fine. But if it falls into the hands of dishonest people, it can also be used for anti-people purposes. However - anyway, it is certain that big data will play a more important role in various fields in the coming days than ever before.

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